Space: 1889

Space: 1889 is a role-playing game of Victorian-era space-faring, created by Frank Chadwick and originally published by Game Designers' Workshop from 1988 to 1991 and later reprinted by Heliograph, Inc. in 2000 and 2001. In February 2013 Chronicle City announced that they are working with Uhrwerk Verlag on a new English edition of Space 1889 RPG.

The first published description of Space: 1889 was in the "Feedback" column in the TSR/SPI publication Ares Magazine in 1983, as a proposal for a board wargame. The title is both a parody of the television show Space: 1999 and a continuation of the GDW naming convention applied to two of its previous role-playing games, Twilight: 2000 and Traveller: 2300 (the latter of which was later renamed 2300 AD in order to prevent confusion with Traveller), though neither previous game had any connection to the Space: 1889 universe. The name Space: 1889 is a registered trademark belonging to Chadwick.

Setting
The game presented an alternate history in which certain discredited Victorian scientific theories were instead found to be true and have led to the existence of new technologies. In the setting, Thomas Edison invented an "ether propeller" which could propel ships through the "luminiferous aether" (the universal medium that permeates space, based on a now outdated scientific theory), and traveled to Mars in 1870 accompanied by Scottish soldier of fortune Jack Armstrong, where they discovered that the planet was inhabited. By the time of the game's setting in 1889, the great powers have used Edison’s invention to extend their colonies and interests to the inner planets of the solar system. Venus and Mars have been colonised by Great Britain, Germany, France, Russia, Belgium (Mars only), and Italy (Venus only), whilst Japan and the USA maintain economic and scientific enclaves on Mars. There are no colonies or bases on the Moon. Only Great Britain maintains a (scientific) base on Mercury.

The inner planets reflect an evolutionary progression, the planets nearest to the sun being younger than those farther out. All planets have life, and most bear native sentient species. Mercury is primeval, tide locked and possesses only rudimentary lifeforms. Venus is a vast swamp world dominated by hulking reptiles and lizard men. The Moon is an airless dead world, but with mysteries hidden deep beneath the surface. Mars is an ancient desert planet in decline, divided into warring decadent city-states clinging to a failing system of canals. Vulcan has died and become the asteroid belt. Due to limitations in technology the outer worlds remain unreachable and unexplored. There are also hints that some worlds may have terrain hidden beneath their surface.

One of the treasures that spurred the Europeans to Mars was "liftwood": a rare cultivated plant with anti-gravity properties that allowed for the construction of giant floating ships. While the Earthers used Martian sky galleons at first, they later constructed their own armored, steam powered flyers.

Since wireless was not invented yet in 1889, communication between Earth and Mars is handled by orbital heliograph stations. The game contains much more detail on the flora, fauna, and peoples of the planets. The majority of the published material is centered on Mars.

Practical aether travel as we know it today all began with Professor Etienne Moreau, who in 1860 hypothesised that the aether, like the matter and energy throughout the universe, was not evenly distributed. If it was instead affected by its interaction with matter, it might be distributed in vortices, thin patches, and even compacted clumps. He also theorised that interaction of matter, energy and aether indicated that it was possible for each to be used to manipulate the other. Just as matter could be burned to release energy, and energy expanded to move matter, so could matter be used to grip or grasp the aether, and energy used to manipulate it. Thomas Edison, an American inventor, fell into discussions with Moreau about his theories, and through these discussions it was Edison who devised a practical use for the luminiferous aether. Its nature suggested to Edison a device which could sail at speeds heretofore undreamed of. But this prototype hit a problem; it could not overcome the atmosphere. Edison communicated this problem to Moreau, and further tests with small models showed that the device would only operate properly at an altitude of 24,000 feet or higher. In 1868 Edison perfected his prototype and called it an aether propeller, a device that manipulated the aether by generating an electromagnetic field. He manned the first voyage himself, accompanied by the soldier of fortune, Jack Armstrong. Together they piloted their craft via hydrogen balloon high enough to enable the propeller to work, and from there they sailed the aether all the way to Mars. Unfortunately their landing on Mars was not smooth and their flyer was damaged, but fortunately the planet was inhabited. The two men spent over a year on Mars, learning the language of the natives, and were eventually provided with material to repair the flyer. They returned to Earth on August 7th 1870. Edison and Armstrong received fame and fortune, and within a year there was several dozen companies manufacturing Edison flyers, and flyers of several other nationalities were soon making frequent trips to Mars.
 * Aether History:

These are the facts, how the aether age came upon us. Since then mankind has spread out among the inner planets, but due to the mechanics of aether travel they have not been able to find a way to travel beyond the asteroid belt and thus explore the outer planets. After all, it is by garnering the heat of the sun that enables the water to boil and thus produce the steam that powers the aether propeller.

Extract from Journey to the Heart of Luna by Andy Frankham-Allen

The innermost planet, Mercury, is a tidally locked world, with one side always facing the Sun, the other the void of outer space. Between the cold of the dark side and the heat of the light side, there is a narrow 100-mile wide temperate zone that circles the globe. All around the zone runs the World River, linking the various lakes and small seas, its flow driven by Coriolus effects. Along the river, exotic plant life and primitive shelled creatures (similar to those common on Earth during the Paleozoic Age) make their home.
 * Mercury:

Largely unexplored, there is only one permanent human settlement, a British scientific outpost named Princess Christiana Station, with less than a hundred residents. While molten tin and lead on the hot side of the planet and frozen fields of ammonia and carbon dioxide on the cold side are potential commercial products, the extremes of heat and cold have made exploitation impractical to date.

A recent scientific expedition to the dark side of Mercury has reported exotic life forms living in the extreme cold. Their body chemistry is based on ammonia, and the creatures catalogued included a primitive race vaguely resembling spiders or crabs. The expedition managed to establish communication with them, and they proved helpful in exploration of the area. It is also on Mercury that gravitar was discovered by Austrian geologists.

Beneath a constant shroud of clouds, Venus is a swamp world drenched by nearly continuous rainfall. Much of the surface is covered by a shallow ocean that averages less than ten feet deep. The plants are similar to those of the Mesozoic age of Earth, and dinosaurs roam the jungles.
 * Venus:

Venus is home to the Lizardmen (Skreelan, in their native tongue), a race of intelligent humanoids. Most of them roam the jungles in small bands, though some of the more advanced tribes had developed agriculture before the arrival of Europeans. Recently, several countries have set up trading stations, where merchants exchange tools and rubber items for the exotic plants harvested by the Lizardmen. Venusian plants are much in demand on Earth as ingredients in drugs and dyes, and collectors of fine flowers find Venusian blooms to be of great beauty.

The exploration of Venus has been hampered by the constant storms and rain, which make aerial scouting dangerous. A more significant complication, however, is the effect that the Venusian magnetic field has on liftwood. It causes the wood to rapidly lose its anti-gravity properties. In fact, the first three British expeditions to the planet failed to return when their flyers were unable to reach flight altitude. It was not until the German expedition of 1879-80, which used hydrogen gas for lift, that the truth was learned from the few survivors of the earlier expeditions. German mastery of Zeppelin technology has meant that they have dominated the exploration of Venus ever since.

Venus is hot and damp – the few human settlers make their homes in the highlands which are cooler and lack swamps. The British, Russians, and Italians have all set up colonies, but by far the largest European settlement is that of the German empire. It's capital, Venusstadt, is the largest and most civilized city on the planet – the residence of the Governor and his family boasts an air conditioning system!

Mostly, as mankind spread out among the other planets, Luna remained of interest to only a few space mariners, and crazed Russian scientist, Vladimir Tereshkov, and rival American scientist Doctor Cyrus Grant. For a short time, the Russians maintained a secret mining settlement, enslaving the indigenous population, the Selenites, but were overthrown by the crew of HMAS Sovereign, with the help of Professor Nathanial Stone. At present the UK maintains an illegal research base on Luna, contravening the The Agreement Governing State Activities on Luna, which prevents any one nation setting up a presence on the moon. As a result there is much interest in Luna from the other major powers, but still the British Empire maintain control over the moon; a position precarious at best.
 * Luna:

Mars is the first planet explored by humans, and in 1889 is being colonised and subjugated by the European powers. The English, French, Germans, Russians, Belgians, and Japanese all have established colonies there, and American traders are everywhere in evidence. The reasons are plain – lift-wood is a valuable commodity, and the growing importance of aerial navies has made many countries desirous of establishing their influence on Mars. Moreover, in addition to lift-wood there are other Martian products that bring a good price on Earth, and the huge Martian population is a ready market for European manufactured goods.
 * Mars:

Mars is much older than Earth, and over time has gradually lost its water and has become hot and dry. The only thing that makes life possible over much of the planet is the enormous canal system. Built long ago before Martians became decadent and weak, the canal system is an amazing feat of engineering. Criss-crossing the globe, the canals bring water from the annual melting of the polar icecaps. Powerful pumps lift water over mountains, huge bridges span valleys, and other devices link the canals to make them avenues of commerce, all powered by mysterious sources of energy beyond current human understanding.

Martian cities are at the intersections of canals, where they serve as centres for trade. The canals are not entirely watertight – the small leaks create aquifers along the banks that support crops and small villages. The canal system is old, however, and not all of the ancient pumps still work or ancient bridges stand. As a result, many of the canals no longer have running water, and serve only as caravan routes across the harsh deserts.

There are three distinct Martian cultures. The most advanced is made up of the Canal Martians. They live along the canals and in the Martian cities. Tall (well over six feet), with pointed ears and pale ocher skin, they vaguely resemble the elves of human myth. Their hands, like other Martians, have only three fingers along with a thumb. Canal Martian food is much like human food, though more spicy.

Their level of social and technological development is roughly that of Europe in the Renaissance. Each city is ruled by a royal family, their armies use black powder muzzleloaders, and horse-like Gashants are the main means of ground transportation. Although civilized, they are clearly a culture in decline, with baroque and incomprehensible art and science that lacks the innovative spark. Nowhere is this decline clearer than in the arena of government, which in Martian cities is almost incomprehensibly bureaucratic and extraordinarily corrupt.

The second Martian culture is that of the Hill Martians. They are slightly shorter and stockier than Canal Martians (but still average slightly over six feet in height), and their skin colour tends toward a golden brown with brown or red hair.

They are frontiersmen of Martian society, living beyond the power of the Canal Martian governments. They have a variety of cultures, but their social structures most closely resemble those of human nomads like the Sioux of North America or the Tartars of Asia. Their government is tribal, usually based on clans. Many Hill Martians have never encountered humans – since they respect courage, determination, and skill with weapons, humans who demonstrate those traits are the most likely to be well received.

Finally, we come to the savage High Martians. In physical appearance they resemble the other Martian races, but are much shorter and walk with a stooped, apelike posture. Their skin is dark, their hair is black, and they have wing membranes under their arms. These wings aid them in flight – High Martians have a lifting gland that cancels gravity in much the same was as liftwood does.

High Martians live far from civilization in hill fortresses called Kraags. Ruled by kings, high Martians steal from more civilized peoples and enslave captives. All work in High Martian communities is done by slaves, who are unable to escape since they cannot fly down from the Kraags as the High Martians do. Many High Martian kings are wealthy, since liftwood only grows in the mountains, and High Martian tribes usually control the groves and tend them with their slaves.

One last thing about Mars: the surface gravity is 90% of that of Earth, when orbital calculations indicate that it should be less than half. Published Space: 1889 material never explains the discrepancy.

Great Britain is more heavily industrialised than in historic 1889, with a belt of foundries and factories around London contributing greatly to air pollution. The traditional landed aristocracy is politically more powerful, due to authority for several key ministries in the hands of the House of Lords instead of Commons. Mounting friction with a rising mercantile class of wealthy industrialists and a middle class swollen by engineers and business managers of the growing "new economy" has provoked a reactionary tightening of control by the old rich. Urban violence is on the rise.
 * The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland;

The United Kingdom's extensive colonies on Mars give it the greatest access to lift-wood, but several other Earth powers have growing influence there as well, another source of international friction.

The Paris Commune of 1871 did not fall, but extended its control over the entire country, now officially La République Française Démocratique et Sociale (the Democratic and Social Republic of France). Partially inspired by the French model, a rising socialist movement among the European urban working class has provoked reaction from the monarchies.
 * Europe;

A general strike in Belgium in 1884 led to a workers rising in Brussels which spread to other industrial towns. The violence with which King Leopold's government suppressed the risings caused the French to intervene, which in turn brought on war with the United Kingdom and the German Empire. Combat with Britain was mostly naval and aerial, that with Germany along the Saar desultory, and the Treaty of Liege in 1886 ended hostilities on the basis of the status quo ante bellum.

Tensions remain high in Europe, with the London-Brussels-Berlin alliance pitted against France, and both sides trying to form alliances with the other European states. France has responded to a perceived hardening of the resolve if its enemies with increased militancy. La Garde Rouge, the elite guard of the Commune, has expanded in numbers and influence, controlling key naval and military units, and is now responsible for intelligence outside of France and counter-intelligence within the state. Its agents range far and wide, recruiting sympathetic allies among the urban workers and intelligentsia of Europe, gathering information, and funnelling aid to dissident and revolutionary groups.

In Germany, the policy of alignment with Great Britain, long championed by Chancellor von Bismarck, is now in flux following the ascension to the throne in June of 1888 of Wilhelm II. Bismarck's careful policy aimed at containing France in Europe, limiting German commitments overseas and its interplanetary claims solely to Venus, and avoiding a direct challenge to any other global power, is at odds with Wilhelm's more energetic and aggressive spirit.

The Ottoman Empire continues its decline, with much of the Balkans now independent. Only Bosnia and Montenegro remain under Ottoman control outside of Turkish Thrace. Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania, and several smaller independent principalities argue over boundaries with each other as much as with Turkey, and war seems always just around the corner. Border disputes and raids erupted into open warfare between Bulgaria and Turkey in 1888 but diplomatic pressure from the other European powers brought a cease-fire.

Russia attempts to capitalise on the Turkish decline by promoting the political cause of pan-Slavism, trying to bring Bulgaria and Serbia into even closer alliance. Socialist France views the growing influence in the Balkans of Russia, the most reactionary state in Europe, with alarm and has begun seeking closer ties with Turkey and Austria, Russia's principal opponents.

Lincoln's death from typhus in 1862 crippled the North's war resolve and the Confederate States won their independence. Slavery remains the law of the land in the South and the government is solidly in the hands of wealthy planters. Industrialisation has been slow and the economy there remains agrarian, the society hierarchical, and with a vast gulf between the rich and poor with little in the way of a middle class. The Confederacy aligned itself with the French Second Empire and its puppet state in Mexico, but the collapse of the Empire in 1870 and the rise of Commune the following year left Emperor Maximillian of Mexico without European backers, bringing him further into the Confederate circle. Mexican imperial forces fought two large-scale uprisings since the end of the American Civil War but still maintain a shaky hold on power. In 1883 Maximillian died of natural causes and was succeeded by his young (twenty years old) adoptive son, Augustin de Iturbe y Green as Emperor Augustin II. Both Mexico and the Confederacy are increasingly ramshackle states with stagnant economies, increasing resentment from the lowest elements of society, unpopular autocratic governments, and state finances always seemingly on the verge of collapse.
 * The Americas;

The North, the United States, by contrast, has become increasingly industrialised and its population has grown rapidly as a result of European immigration. Friction with the South increases due to growing revanchist sentiment. Stronger commercial ties between the South and the United Kingdom, the North's principal industrial and mercantile rival, further inflame northern hostility and the North's willingness to turn a blind eye to Irish separatist activities within its own borders contributes to strained Anglo-American relations.

Publications

 * Space: 1889 by Frank Chadwick. The core rulebook for the role-playing game.
 * Tales from the Ether (ed) Frank Chadwick and Loren Wiseman. Five adventures set on the planets and the British orbital heliograph station.
 * More Tales from the Ether (ed) Frank Chadwick and Loren Wiseman. More short adventures on Mars and Venus.
 * Beastmen of Mars by Lester Smith. A campaign dealing with debased Martians, liftwood, and some mysteries of the planets.
 * Canal Priests of Mars by Marcus Rowland. A campaign that begins on the Earth, includes a voyage by ether liner to Mars, and concludes with a twist ending. The published version cut about a third of the author’s manuscript; Heliograph finally published the complete adventure as a PDF in July 2009, with a printed version to follow in August 2009. The Complete Canal Priests of Mars restores all of the original text and has new illustrations throughout.
 * Steppelords of Mars by John Theisen. Source book on Hill Martian tribes.
 * Caravans of Mars by Ed Andrews. Source book on Martian caravans and merchants.
 * Cloud Captains of Mars by Frank Chadwick. Details on the sky pirates and privateers of Mars.
 * Conklin’s Atlas and Handy Manual of the Worlds by Frank Chadwick. A gazetteer to the planets, including maps and information on Earth.
 * Soldier’s Companion by Frank Chadwick. Rules for colonial ground warfare using miniatures, including detailed army lists, as well as rules for tripods and land juggernauts.
 * Ironclads and Ether Flyers by Frank Chadwick. Rules for surface naval combat, including detailed information about Earth’s navies and flyers. The rules are a simplified version of Sky Galleons of Mars (see below).
 * The Liftwood conspiracy (published under license by 3W) Scenario involving liftwood poaching, and the bestial High Martians.
 * GDW's house magazine (Challenge) also contained material for the game.
 * Heliograph's magazine Transactions of the Royal Martian Geographical Society provided additional game material.
 * Space 1889: Red Sands A Savage Worlds Plot Point Campaign published by Pinnacle Entertainment Group as a full-color hardback. The campaign "pits a desperate band of heroes against the Inner Circle of the Brotherhood of Luxor. The Brotherhood, led by the mysterious Kronos, King of the Titans, plots to bring about the end of all worlds." The campaign was released on November, 2010, with a Gen Con debut in August.
 * Space 1889 & Beyond - a new, fully licensed series of eBooks, launched in August 2011, from Untreed Reads Publishing. This new series is spearheaded by Andy Frankham-Allen, who wrote for the short lived audio drama series produced by Noise Monster Productions in 2005 and 2006.
 * Space: 1889 published by Uhrwerk Verlag in July 2012 as 264 A4 pages full-color hardback, based on the Ubiquity rules. Sourcebooks of Venus and Mars are planned.
 * Mars Needs Steam published by Test of Battle Games is planned in Fall 2012. Based on the Men Under Fire rules, the rules focus on small unit actions and encounters.

Boxed games
Heliograph reprinted the rules portions of Sky Galleons of Mars and Cloudships and Gunboats, but did not reprint the boxed games themselves.
 * Sky Galleons of Mars: Boxed game of aerial combat on Mars. It included large scale maps, ship miniatures, and rules.
 * Cloudships and Gunboats: Role playing game supplement with mini-scale deckplans, cardstock miniatures, rules, and ship diagrams.
 * Temple of the Beastmen: Boxed modular board game which never plays the same way twice.

Miniatures
GDW released a range of 25mm miniatures sculpted by Bob Murch of RAFM. These sets were collectively called Adversaries, and included Soldiers of the Queen (a "company" of 20 British infantry), Legions of Mars (a warband of 20 Martians), Kraag Warriors (20 High Martians, 10 each flying and walking), and Victorian Adventurers (10 diverse personalities, as seen in Temple of the Beastmen).

All of these miniatures are currently available directly from RAFM, although the composition of the Victorian Adventurers set has changed. In 2002, RAFM released Martian colonial infantry, cavalry & artillery crew, as well as new gashants (a Martian cavalry mount), Hill Martians and Canal Martians.

On 1/25/08 RAFM opened a forum to discuss expanding their 1889 line of miniatures. You can view the forum here: http://www.rafm.com/cgi-bin/Ultimate.cgi?action=intro

Highlander studios has begun a line of 15mm miniatures see http://highlanderstudiosinc.com/shop/index.php?cPath=22.

Computer game
A computer game adaptation by the same name was also released in 1990 at the height of the game's popularity. It was developed by frequent GDW licensee Paragon for the Amiga, Atari ST and PC platforms.

Audio dramas
In 2005/06, Noise Monster Productions, run by Big Finish stalwart John Ainsworth, released four full-cast audio adventures on CD. These were produced under exclusive license from Frank Chadwick. The first three released stories are now commonly referred to as The Mars Trilogy, and the fourth release The Lunar Inheritance is a stand-alone tale. Each was released on a single CD with a running time of approximately 70 minutes.

As of 2006 the stories released have been:


 * Red Devils by Jonathan Clements
 * The Steppes of Thoth by James Swallow
 * The Siege of Alclyon by Marc Platt
 * The Lunar Inheritance by Andy Frankham-Allen & Richard Dinnick

eBooks
In September 2011, Untreed Reads Publishing launched a new series of eBooks called "Space: 1889 & Beyond", edited by Andy Frankham-Allen. The first series was based, loosely, on the gaming book Tales from the Ether and introduced the key concepts of the series; the characters, the setting, the aether, the planets, and the politics. The first series ran until February 2012. The second series of six books began in August 2012, for the first time advancing the setting beyond the year 1889, and pushing the narrative forward to previously unexplored areas of the property. The opening book of series two, Conspiracy of Silence, was the first time any Space: 1889 product has been set entirely on Earth (featuring characters from Frank Chadwick's forthcoming prequel novel The Forever Engine), with the series two finale, Horizons of Deceit Book I, being the second - serving as the opposite bookend of the season following the political manoeuvring seen in the previous novel. A third series of novels launches in July 2014, a further set of six books featuring authors who have all previously written for the series. This third series is a 'ground breaking' series, taking the property to the worlds beyond the asteroid belt for the first time in the Space: 1889 franchise.

Continuity: Journey to the Heart of Luna alludes to the appointment of the new governor of the British colony of Syrtis Major on Mars. This is a reference to Sir Henry Routledge, who was seen en route to his new position in the audio play Red Devils. The character is set to appear in A Fistful of Dust, confirming that The Mars Trilogy audio releases are part of the "Space: 1889 & Beyond" narrative. The Lunar Inheritance, however, is overwritten by Journey to the Heart of Luna and subsequent tales surrounding Luna and the inhabitants of that world. Characters seen in The Forever Engine appear in Conspiracy of Silence and subsequent stories. Elements from Red Sands are referenced in The Draco Eye and the third series of stories.

Setting: Series one runs from April to December 1889. Series two runs from December 1889 to October 1890. Series three runs from October 1890 to late 1891. Series one visits Earth, Luna, Venus, Mercury and Mars. Series two visits Earth, Mercury, Ceres, Venus, Mars, and Phobos. Series three visits Earth, Luna, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Charon and Planet X.

Characters: The series forms an ongoing narrative focussing on a set of regular and semi-regular characters. The following information is taken from the 'season two guidelines'...


 * Professor Nathanial Stone; Mark Gatiss is the physical model for this character; he’s not far off seven-foot in height, grey eyes, with ginger hair, and has taken to growing thick whiskers to hide his youthful looks. Nathanial, born April 1st 1863, is from Putney, London, originally. He has two elder brothers (twins, who have nicknamed Nathanial “Lucky”), an elder sister and a younger brother. Only his younger brother, Edwin, maintains any level of contact with Nathanial, since his elder siblings are highly jealous of the special treatment he received due to his status as “child prodigy” of the family. He was borne of the Honourable Reverend Ronald Stone and his wife, Elspeth, and was raised a firm believer in God. Nathanial excelled at all the academic classes in school, and was soon moving on to bigger things, quickly earning himself a place at Mortarhouse College, Oxford. While there he found himself oddly attracted to another man. He resisted his urges, and over the following years came to believe that somehow God had made him wrong, a fact he confided to his dean. His path of science brought him into conflict with his father, who could not understand how science merely explained the how of God’s Creation, and thus led to better understanding of God. By the time we catch up with Nathanial he is well-respected in the fields of science, something of a genius, known for his work in physics and chemistry. He has a very deductive brain, and often makes great intuitive leaps in his experimentations. With Doctor Cyrus Grant he created the Aether Propeller Governor. Although not technically a professor, the title has been applied to him on many occasions, most notably by Director William White of Naval Construction and Jacob Folkard, former captain of HMAS Sovereign. It is a misunderstanding Nathanial happily allows to continue. Nathanial actively encourages Annabelle’s advances, feeling safe and secure behind the pretence of normality. Over the course of series one, Nathanial grew from a timid unwilling adventurer, to a resolute man of some integrity. Although he is still quite willing to take on a lie about himself if he feels it protects him; a slippery slope down which he slides more and more as series two progresses. He has found himself attracted to two men in the last seven months; firstly Ordinary Seaman Erasmus Stevenson of HMAS Sovereign (who is now recovering on Earth), and Doctor Arnaud Fontaine. Outwardly Nathanial is careful not to show this interest, but deep down he knows the truth, and having Arnaud on the mission with him throughout series two complicates matters somewhat, even it was Nathanial who suggested bringing the French geologist onto the team. He confides this secret to Annabelle in season two's The Forever Journey.


 * Miss Annabelle Somerset; In the 2006 Noise Monster audio series of Space: 1889 adventures, Helen Goldwyn played Annabelle, and she remains the physical role model in this series (if you can get a copy of The Lunar Inheritance it is highly recommended, to hear Goldwyn in the role). Born September 28th 1869, Annabelle is the young niece of Cyrus Grant, and the only daughter of his sister, Joan, and her husband, Ezekiel Somerset. At the age of twelve, Annabelle’s parents were killed in the Chiricahua Mountains by the Apaches, who then kept Annabelle captive. She lived with Geronimo’s band for the next two years until she manipulated events so she would be released. During her time with them she bore a daughter, although it is an event that was so traumatic for thirteen-year-old Annabelle that she blocked it out (she discovers this truth throughout series two). Since then she has lived with her uncle, to whom she has become extremely devoted. She carries with her a well of grief and guilt over her parents’ death, still blaming herself to some degree. This guilt often drives her into being over protective towards those she loves; it can be both a strength and a weakness. Annabelle is a very strong woman, an adventurer at heart, very much a woman ahead of her time. She can hold her own against most men and refuses to be beaten into submission, falling into the role of servant like so many other women of her time. But she is not adverse to using her feminine wiles to get her own way, and often leads Nathanial into some trouble of other. Her two years of life with the Apaches have left her courageous and self-reliant, with little patience for men who consider her weak or incapable of looking after herself. Although she is loathe to admit it, initially, Annabelle is developing a soft spot for Nathanial, and the enforced companionship soon develops into a mutual friendship based on respect and trust. Annabelle is a slender woman whose small physique masks a healthy and robust constitution. However, due to events in series one, she had one of her legs amputated and now manages with a mechanical leg. This leg often fails her, and even though she tries to pretend it does not affect her, the truth is she feels less than she was due to her disability and is endlessly frustrated by the fake leg. Annabelle has a very relaxed manner, and, to Nathanial’s constant dismay, is often irreverent and informal to most people she meets on her travels.


 * Doctor Arnaud Fontaine; Giles Coren is a fairly good likeness for Arnaud, although Arnaud smiles more than scowls, and is a little less stubbly. Arnaud Fontaine was born on March 7th, 1854 in Yerres, a little south of Paris and makes his first appearance in The Ghosts of Mercury as a geologist summoned to Mercury when his long-ago lecturer Professor Maria Fournier was killed by a rockfall. He teams up with Nathanial and solves the mystery with him and Annabelle. After a building rapport between the two men as the story progresses, it ends with Nathanial’s moving back towards Annabelle, leaving a sad - but philosophical – Arnaud. His mother, Yvette, “died peacefully in her sleep” and his father is still alive. He has no particular “issues” with his parents, but he has a slightly older brother, Alexis, with whom he has lost contact and who he prefers not to talk about, for some reason. He grew up with a fascination for mountains, rocks and geology and studied at The Sorbonne under Professor Maria Fournier. Just prior to being summoned to Mercury, he was working as a waiter (which he loved) unable to find geology work in Paris. He’s cheeky, irreverent, speaks good English – although he throws in the odd French phrase, particularly when stressed – and some of his mangled English phrases are (hopefully!) a source of humour, but not quite on the ‘Allo ‘Allo level. He’s a socialist, an atheist, and a bit of a philosopher and poet – all of which Nathanial finds a little puzzling – but also a little endearing. He has quite a laissez-faire attitude to things, thinks nothing of wandering around with his top off (Nathanial mentally considers him “a little bit chunky”). He loves his cognac. His room/lab is messy and cluttered. He’s not a ditzy scientist in the way some others are – he just doesn’t think neatness and order are things worth wasting time on. Oh, and he’s gay and rather falls for Nathanial (and vice versa) – mainly because of Nathanial’s slightly prim nature, which Arnaud loves to challenge and wind-up; but also because he admires Nathanial’s keen mind. He used to smoke, but gave it up. He can’t swim and isn’t keen on water. Over the course of series two, he will grow ever-closer to Nathanial, a fact Annabelle will notice but will not comment on, until Nathanial confesses it in The Forever Journey, at which point Annabelle takes to protecting the secret for them.


 * Jacob Folkard; Sam Neill is a good physical image for Folkard. Born March 22nd 1843, Folkard was educated at Repton School but declined to pursue a career in academia in favour of signing up for service in Her Majesty's forces. He served military service in a number of British colonies in the East Indies before joining the Naval Forces in 1864. Well-liked amongst his peers and earning the respect of his senior officers, he was quickly promoted to officer level. Rising through the ranks, he met sixteen-year-old George Bedford while serving under then-Captain Herbert Cavor in 1869. Folkard's respect was earned by Bedford and their careers crossed regularly as they both ascended the ranks. Bedford's appointment to Sovereign was at Folkard's recommendation. As a captain, Folkard was well-liked by crew and Admiralty alike for his unusual familiarity with his men, his sense of humour and his willingness to test the character of his men. Now at forty-six, Folkard is the former captain of the prototype aether battleship, HMAS Sovereign. He is still well-liked by all who served under him, and he is highly regarded by his superiors, which, in part, explains why he is assigned to captain Nathanial’s flyer for series two. His captaincy of Sovereign was a result of a very high recommendation from Rear Admiral Cavor, who recommended Folkard take up this new mission, rather than fall from the favour of the Admiralty. Folkard is undaunted by the perils of aether travel, and has a thirst for adventure; as was once commented, he probably should have been a space mariner. Folkard was always a career man and had aspirations to the Admiralty, with perhaps even a touch of disappointment that he had not already been welcomed into the club. His devotion to his career has been, it could be suggested, enforced by the loss of his wife to yellow fever some years previously, while holidaying in the Americas. However, he has found himself easily distracted by the Heart, a factor which led him to divide his loyalties between it and the crew. The inconsistent, risky decisions he made as a result, combined with a trifling wound he suffered at the hands of the Drobates, was enough for his long-time friend, and now first officer, Commander Bedford, to surreptitiously depose Folkard. He often likes to test Nathanial’s prim ways, and over the course of series two will come to favour Arnaud greatly – both men being of a similar humour, and possibly due to the fact that Folkard’s grandfather, on his mother’s side, was French – and retains a level of respect for Miss Annabelle.

Recurring characters include;
 * Commander George Bedford
 * Doctor Cyrus Grant
 * Vladimir Tereshkov
 * Ordinary Seaman Jack Fenn
 * K'chuk
 * Lord Chillingham
 * Admiral Herbert Cavor

The stories of series one are:


 * Journey to the Heart of Luna by Andy Frankham-Allen
 * Vandals on Venus by K.G. McAbee
 * The Ghosts of Mercury by Mark Michalowski
 * Abattoir in the Aether by L. Joseph Shosty
 * A Prince of Mars by Frank Chadwick
 * Dark Side of Luna by J.T. Wilson & Frank Chadwick

The stories of series two are:


 * Conspiracy of Silence by Andy Frankham-Allen & Frank Chadwick
 * Mundus Cerialis by Andy Frankham-Allen & Sharon Bidwell (based on an idea by Paul Ebbs)
 * Leviathans of the Clouds by Steven Savile & David Parish-Whittaker
 * A Fistful of Dust by Sharon Bidwell
 * The Forever Journey by Paul F Gwyn (based on an idea by Mark Michalowski)
 * Horizons of Deceit Book I by Jonathan Cooper

The stories of series three are:


 * Horizons of Deceit Book II by Andy Frankham-Allen & Jonathan Cooper
 * The Draco Eye by Sharon Bidwell
 * TBC by L. Joseph Shosty
 * Sphere of Sight by Jonathan Cooper
 * TBC by David Parish-Whittaker
 * Visions of Elysium by Andy Frankham-Allen