Space Hulk

Space Hulk is a board game for two players by Games Workshop. It was first released in 1989. The game is set in the fictional universe of Warhammer 40,000. In the game, a "space hulk" is a mass of ancient, derelict space ships, asteroids, and other assorted space debris. One player takes the role of Space Marine Terminators - Human elite soldiers - which have been sent to investigate such a space hulk; the other player takes the role of Tyranid Genestealers - an aggressive alien species - which have made their home aboard such a space hulk.

Background
In Warhammer 40,000, the term "space hulk" is used to refer to any massive derelict space ship. Due to the shifting, immaterial nature of the Warp, an otherworldly realm through which space ships may travel between the stars far quicker than they would be able to through real space, some space hulks are jumbled and twisted agglomerations of multiple vessels lost to the Warp throughout centuries or millennia. Space hulks may house more than just Genestealers; other threats aboard can include human followers of the dark gods of Chaos, nightmarish Warp Daemons, and Orks who use space hulks as their "standard" method of interstellar travel.

Gameplay
The game is set on a modular board made up of various board sections which represent corridors and rooms and which can be freely arranged and locked together like a jigsaw puzzle to represent the interior of a space hulk. One player controls the Space Marine Terminators, and the other player controls the Tyranid Genestealers.

It is an asymmetric game. First, in that the two players have different forces to begin with. Second, in that the two players may have different objectives to fullfill during a "mission" (the in-game term for a particular scenario of the game). The Terminator player may have the objective of destroying a specified area of the board or a specified Genestealer piece or some other objective; and the Genestealer player may have the objective of destroying a specified Terminator piece or all of the Terminator pieces or some other objective. Third, in that the pieces of the two players move differently. The Terminator pieces move slowly; and the Genestealer pieces move quickly. Fourth, in that in regard to combat: the Terminator pieces excel in ranged combat, but they are weak in close combat; and the Genestealer pieces excel in close combat, but they cannot perform ranged combat at all.

The pieces are moved by the players through a system of "action points", where each piece has a certain amount specified for it. A Terminator piece has few action points; and a Genestealer piece has many action points.

The game is notable for its hidden play mechanics, from which it derives much of its playability and tension. On the one hand, the Terminator player has a variable number of "command points" available each turn which are only revealed to the Genestealer player after they are used up; and these command points may be used to move the Terminator pieces either during the Terminator player's own turn or during the Genestealer player's turn. (In the second edition, the extra points were not hidden from the Genestealer player.) On the other hand, the actual number of Genestealer pieces in play is hidden from the Terminator player, because the Genestealer pieces come into play as "blips" which can represent: 1-3 creatures (0-3 in the Deathwing expansion and 1-6 in the Genestealer expansion) in the 1st edition; 0-6 creatures in the 2nd edition; and 1-3 creatures in the 3rd edition.

In the basic version of the game: playing as the Terminators can be engaging and tactically challenging, partly because the Terminator player is constrained by a time limit for his or her turn; while playing as the Genestealers can be very straightforward. To overcome this asymmetry, players are encouraged to play each mission of the game twice, swapping between playing with Terminators and playing with Genestealers. The fairly fast play time (around half an hour per mission), driven by the Terminator player's time limitation, makes this possible.

On the one hand, the Deathwing expansion pack for the first edition included rules for playing the game as a one player game, that is playing the game as Termintors using different mechanics for moving the Genestealer pieces. On the other hand, the Genestealer expansion pack for the first edition included rules for human-genestealer hybrids, which could carry weapons and equipment, and for a Magus and for a Patriarch, adding more depth for the Genestealer player. However, these additions were not carried over in the second or in the third editions, although, the third edition did include rules for a Broodlord.

First edition
The first edition of Space Hulk was released in May 1989.

This edition was further expanded with additional scenarios and rules in articles in the magazines White Dwarf and Citadel Journal. The early articles from White Dwarf were collected and published as two separate expansion packs, and most of the later articles from White Dwarf were collected and published as a book:


 * Deathwing, a box set, was released in 1990. It introduced the Dark Angels Space Marines Chapter specifically the Deathwing Company (First Company) including the Captain and the Librarian and additional Terminator weapons into the game, which greatly expanded the tactical possibilities for the Terminator player. Among other things the expansion pack also featured rules for the Space Marine player to play the game solo, and it included additional board sections.
 * Genestealer, a box set, was released in 1990. It introduced the Genestealer Cult including Human-Genestealer Hybrids and the Magus and the Patriarch into the game, which greatly expanded the tactical possibilities for the Genestealer player. Among other things, the expansion pack also featured rules for an elaborate system of psychic combat, and it included additional board sections.
 * Space Hulk Campaigns, a hardback book, was released in 1991 and later reprinted as a paperback in 1993. It introduced rules for Imperial Space Marine Terminators against Chaos Space Marine Terminators, and rules for Space Marines in Power Armour, and it included additional board sections.

Second edition


The second edition of Space Hulk was released in April 1996.

This edition featured revamped board artwork and miniatures. It featured two identical plastic five-man Terminator squads with standard weaponry and assorted genestealers.

This edition significantly simplified the rules compared to those of the 1st edition, and it offered less opportunity for expansion, due to the specific dice used for the game. A critical change was made to the Command Point system, no longer allowing them to be used in the enemy turn, altering the strategic complexity of the game. The rules for the heavy flamer were also changed, and the difference between the standard weapons and the area effect flamer was reduced.

This edition was further expanded with additional scenarios and rules in articles in the magazines White Dwarf and Citadel Journal, such as "Defilement of Honour" which involves rules for air ducts, a new kind of board section which allows Genestealers to move off the main board and back onto it from one place to another place, and "Fangs of Fenris" which involves Wolf Guard Terminators of the Space Wolves Space Marines Chapter. However the articles from White Dwarf were never collected and published as any expansion pack.

Third edition
The third edition of Space Hulk was released in September 2009.

The mail order stocks sold out three days before release, and most Games Workshop retail outlets were sold out within a week of release. Games Workshop announced no plans to reprint this edition of the game as it was intended to be a limited release.

This edition featured new sculpts designed specifically for Space Hulk, instead of being shared with the sets for the tabletop game Warhammer 40,000. Advancements in sculpting and moulding have allowed Games Workshop's Alex Hedström to add a greater level of detail to the miniatures. Each of the twelve miniatures representing Terminators has a distinct appearance, such as Brother Omnio being shown consulting a scanner mounted in his Power Fist. The miniatures representing Genestealers were posing in varied poses - with one bursting up from the floor and another climbing down from the wall. The counters and the board sections of the game were made using new debossing techniques which applied shallow depressions into the cardboard. These board sections were additionally much thicker and heavier than those of previous editions. The Games Workshop studio and box art represents the Blood Angels Space Marine Chapter.

The rules were modernised to some extent, but were largely similar to those of the 1st edition. One critical rule change was that a Terminator jamming his gun on overwatch does not lose the overwatch status. Also, a new rule, allowing a Terminator to go on guard (essentially a close combat version of overwatch), was added.

Fourth edition
The fourth edition of Space Hulk was released on September 20th, 2014. Although the Games Workshop website sold out of Space Hulk less than 24 hours after it was available for pre-order, most stores had a number of copies available to buy on release day. The game was largely a re-release of third edition with a few rules tweaks. It featured additional board sections and missions, plus refreshed graphical presentation of the existing art assets.

Spin-offs
Two types of spin-offs of the board game have been released - video game and card game.

Video Games
Three official video games have been released.

Space Hulk is a video game for PC and for Amiga by Electronic Arts. It was released in 1993.

Space Hulk: Vengeance of the Blood Angels is a video game for PC, and for the PlayStation, the Sega Saturn and the 3DO consoles by Electronic Arts. It was released in 1995 and in 1996.

Space Hulk is a video game for PC (Windows) and Mac and Linux by Copenhagen based game developer Full Control ApS. It was released in August 2013. The game has received mixed reviews, holding a rating of 59 (out of 100, based on 4 reviews) on review aggregator Metacritic.

In 2005, a mobile phone version of the Space Hulk boardgame was released. This game replicated the board game's play mechanics and allowed play as either Space Marines or Genestealers.

In 2008, a small group of hobbyists released a PC conversion of the board game, along with assorted scenarios, for free over the Internet. However, within a month the game was removed from the developers' site. They noted that the web download traffic was creating problems, and that Games Workshop were threatening legal action due to THQ's current ownership of the Warhammer 40,000 video game license. According to the development team, their attempts to negotiate for the release of the game with THQ were refused, resulting in the game being rebranded under the name "Alien Assault". A fan-made game called NetHulk is currently available as freeware. It allows two players to compete head-to-head over an internet or LAN connection, or in a hotseat mode. The game's rules do not strictly adhere to the board game, but are a hybrid of the first and second editions. QSpacehulk is another fan-made freeware available which strictly follows the rules of the second edition.

Card Game
One official card game has been released.

Space Hulk: Death Angel — The Card Game is a card game using a special die for one to six players by Fantasy Flight Games. It was released in 2010.

Four expansion packs have been released:


 * Death Angel: Mission Pack 1 Expansion
 * Death Angel: Space Marine Pack 1 Expansion
 * Death Angel: Tyranid Enemy Pack
 * Death Angel: Deathwing Space Marine Pack

Reception and impact
Space Hulk won the Origins Award for Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Boardgame of 1989. Its first expansion, Deathwing, won Best Fantasy or Science Fiction Boardgame of 1990.

Genestealers were described in an entry of the "Aliens and monsters" section of the first edition of Warhammer 40,000 (the 'WH40K - Rogue Trader' manual); but they were very different from their Space Hulk incarnation, which was more influenced by the xenomorphs depicted in the Alien movie franchise. Subsequent games have absorbed them as part of the overall Tyranid army, a force composed purely of Genestealers can still be fielded as a sub-type of the Tyranid army, in what is known as a Genestealer Cult.

Space Marine Terminators were originally only used in Space Hulk-type scenarios and not the open battlefield, but in response to high demand, rules were added for their deployment in conventional Warhammer 40,000 battles.